Dutch Celebes
Dutch Celebes refers to the period of colonial governance on the island of Sulawesi - as a commandment of the Dutch East India Company from 1699[1] until it's demise in the early 1800's, and then as apart of the Netherlands Indies or Dutch East Indies until 1945. Dutch presence in the region started with the capture of Sulawesi from the Portuguese, and ended by the declaration of independence by Indonesia. Celebes is now referred to as Sulawesi. Makassar, the capital, was also referred to as: Macassar, Makassar, MacaƧar, MancaƧar, or Goa, Gowa (not to be confused with Goa, the capital of Portuguese India).[2] Also Ujung Pandang is alternative name used.
History
Sulawesi prior to Dutch governance had been a part of the Sultanate of Gowa. In 1660 a large fleet under Johan van Dam bombarded Makassar. From 1667 onward the VOC held Fort Rotterdam in the port of Makassar. The fortress was established in 1669.[3] After four months of conflict to force Sultan Hassanudin to submit, on 18 November 1667 the Treaty of Bongaya was signed, by which Dutch governance was accepted.[4] Celebes and Dependencies ("Celebes en Onderhoorigheden") was the name of a government of 1847-1924 and from 1925 of a residence of the Dutch East Indies, divided into sections. The capital was Makassar, which before 1847 had been the name of the government.[5][6]
Governors:
- Johan Sautijn[7] (-1737)
- Adriaan Hendrik Smout (1737-)[8]
- Joan Gideon Loten (1744-1750)
- Roelof Blok
- Jan David van Schelle[9]
- Charles Christiaan Tromp[10]
Gallery
See also
References
- ^ http://www-laep.ced.berkeley.edu/~xingliu/caverlee/MappingIslam/JavaTestRun/data/muslim_expansion_points3.dbf
- ^ http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/xmakassar.html
- ^ D. F. Lach, E. J. Van Kley, Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 3: Southeast Asia. University of Chicago Press, 1993. ISBN 0226467546
- ^ D. G. E. Hall, A history of South-East Asia. St Martin's Press, New York, 1981. ISBN 0333241649
- ^ Martinus Nijhoff en E.J. Brill, EncyclopƦdie van Nederlandsch-Indiƫ. 's-Gravenhage en Leiden, 1917-1939
- ^ Cribb, Robert, Historical Atlas of Indonesia. Richmond Surrey: Curzon Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7007-0985-1
- ^ H. HƤgerdal, Hindu rulers, Muslim subjects: Lombok and Bali in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. White Lotus Press, 2001. ISBN 9747534118
- ^ W. Cummings, Makassar Annals. University of Hawaii Press, 2011. ISBN 9067183660
- ^ E. L. Poelinggomangm, Trade policy of the colonial government in Makassar in the 19th century. KPG, 2002. ISBN 9799023815
- ^ A. J. P. Raat, The Life of Governor Joan Gideon Loten (1710 - 1789). A Personal History of a Dutch Virtuoso. Verloren, 2010. ISBN 9087041519
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Colonies in the Americas |
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Trading posts in Africa |
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Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815ā1962)
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Until 1825 |
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Until 1853 |
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Until 1872 |
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Until 1945 |
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Until 1954 |
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Until 1962 |
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^3 Became constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; Suriname gained full independence in 1975, CuraƧao and Dependencies was renamed to the Netherlands Antilles, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
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